Alloy & mutation

 Alloy

Steel

Composition 

99.5% iron

0.5% carbon

Special properties

Hard, strong n resistant to corrosion

Uses
Construction materials 4 buildings, bridge, vehicles n machines.

Alloy

Pewter

Composition

97 tin

3 antimony n copper

Special properties

Shiny, comparatively soft n malleable, and resistant to corrosion

Uses

making household articles, decorative items, n tableware such as plates, spoons n teapot 




Bronze
- 88 copper
- 12 tin 


- Hard, stron,....
- make statues, medals, cups n knives.

Brass
- 75 copper
- 25 zonc


- hard, shiny, strong, malleable


- deco item, musical instruments n food containers.


Duralumin
- 95 aluminium
- 3 copper
- 1 magnesium
- 1 manganese.


- light, strong


- bodies of aircraft, boats, bic, buses n train.







Mutation

Chromosome mutations

- refers to, chg in num/ structure of chro

- disorders cause by chro

1.down's syndrome

- caused by an additional chro 21.
- an individual DS has 47 chro.

2. Klinefelter's syn

- an add X chro in a male (XXY)

3. Turner's syn

- woman who has only 1 X chro instead of the normal 2.

caused by chg in the structure.

1. deletion 

- a section of chro which breaks during crossing-over doen join bak to the chro. the resulting chro becomes shorter.

2. inversion

- a section of chro which breaks during crossing-over turns 180 degree and joins bak to chro.

3.duplication

- duplicates itself.

4. translocation 

- a section of chro which breaks during crossing-over is joined to another chro which not homologous to it.


Gene mutations
2 disorders r caused u GM r Colour-blindness, albinism.